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that includes vs which includes

Both phrases are correct, but they are used in different contexts. 'That includes' is used in restrictive clauses, where the information is essential to the meaning of the sentence. 'Which includes' is used in non-restrictive clauses, where the information is additional and can be omitted without changing the meaning.

Explained by Michele A.
Editor at TextRanch

Last updated: July 29, 2024

that includes

This phrase is correct and commonly used in English, especially in restrictive clauses.

Use 'that includes' in restrictive clauses to provide essential information that cannot be omitted without changing the meaning of the sentence.

Examples:

I bought a new car that includes a GPS system.
She prepared a delicious meal that includes a variety of spices.
He mentioned a few key points that includes the budget details.
The package that includes the extra accessories is on sale.
We need to find a solution that includes everyone's input.

Show examples from the web [+]

That includes data you voluntarily provide so that machines make better suggestions, data it learns about you based on its prior interactions with you, and public ...
a process that includes measuring each arm. My wife and I once desired to upgrade our bedroom by having a television, however she didn't want it to be ...
Building a Marketplace that Includes You – Join us at SOCAP16. Posted by SOCAP on February 2nd, 2016. blog-image-SOCAP16 Whether you are new to ...
Feb 9, 2016 ... Opera Gets $1.2 Billion Buyout Offer From Chinese Consortium That Includes Qihoo 360. Opera Singer. Oli Scarff / Getty Images ...

Alternatives:

which includes
comprising
consisting of
containing
incorporating

which includes

This phrase is correct and commonly used in English, especially in non-restrictive clauses.

Use 'which includes' in non-restrictive clauses to provide additional information that can be omitted without changing the meaning of the sentence.

Examples:

The new software, which includes many features, will be released next month.
Our team, which includes experts from various fields, is working on the project.
The report, which includes detailed analysis, will be presented tomorrow.
The package, which includes a free gift, arrived today.
The company, which includes subsidiaries in different countries, is expanding globally.

Show examples from the web [+]

Division A comprises (a) the true Ascomycetes, of which the moulds Eurotium and Penicillium are examples, and (b) the Hemiasci, which includes the yeasts.
A Class of Distributions which Includes the. Normal Ones. A. AZZALINI. University of Padua. ABSTRACT. A new class of density functions depending on a shape ...
Jan 3, 2013 ... Another difference between (which) includes and including is that the latter always implies an incomplete list. – user21497 Jan 3 '13 at 6:06 ...
Jan 30, 2016 ... Aretha Franklin plans her own food line which includes chili and gumbo. – / 15. Print Email · Edward Pevos | epevos@mlive.com By Edward ...

Alternatives:

that includes
comprising
consisting of
containing
incorporating

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