calculated by vs calculated as

Both 'calculated by' and 'calculated as' are correct, but they are used in different contexts. 'Calculated by' is used when referring to the person or method performing the calculation, while 'calculated as' is used to indicate the result or outcome of the calculation.

Last updated: March 29, 2024 • 6048 views

calculated by

This phrase is correct and commonly used when referring to the person or method performing the calculation.

Use 'calculated by' when you want to specify who or what is performing the calculation. For example, 'The total cost was calculated by the accounting department.'

Examples:

The area of the triangle was calculated by using the formula for area.
The final grade is calculated by averaging all the test scores.
The interest rate is calculated by multiplying the principal amount by the rate.
The velocity of the object is calculated by measuring the distance and time.
The total expenses are calculated by adding up all the individual costs.

Show examples from the web [+]

It is calculated by the formula AVC=VC/Q.
This number can be calculated by the hook length formula.
With modern lab equipment, the hematocrit is calculated by an automated analyzer and is not directly measured.
The same value as Soldner's was calculated by Einstein in 1911 based on the equivalence principle alone.
A brief account of millage is also calculated by the website for your convenience.
Furthermore, it contests the amount of the additional cost calculated by Belgium.
These state space matrixes are calculated by ACUSYS.
The resting time is usually calculated by two hours.
This is the path of the object as calculated by the Squish/Sguash algorithms.
The actual shifting offset is the maximum of the shifts calculated by these rules.
It is also easily calculated by hand, especially for small samples.
These values are calculated by computers due to the extreme complexity of the systems.
Eigenfactor scores and Article Influence scores are calculated by, where they can be freely viewed.
It is ordinarily calculated by summing the discounted future income generated by the asset to obtain the present value.
Gravity is calculated by Newton's law of universal gravitation, which depends on gravitational mass.
The recommended number of simultaneously running VMs is calculated by evaluating the available memory and CPU resources.
This power is calculated by considering an overall efficiency of 80%.
These rates are calculated by the Office for National Statistics (ONS).
Thus, the estimated delivery date is calculated by our experience with each supplier and chosen courier.
The batchrocket dimensions can also be calculated by hand, because the formula is very simple.

Alternatives:

determined by
computed by
figured out by
found by

calculated as

This phrase is correct and commonly used when indicating the result or outcome of a calculation.

Use 'calculated as' when you want to express the value or expression that has been determined through a calculation. For example, 'The area of the triangle is calculated as half the base times the height.'