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year-on-year vs year on year

Both "year-on-year" and "year on year" are correct, but they are used in different contexts. "Year-on-year" is typically used as an adjective to describe a comparison between two consecutive years, while "year on year" is used as an adverbial phrase to indicate a comparison over a period of one year.

Last updated: March 31, 2024

year-on-year

This phrase is correct and commonly used in English to describe a comparison between two consecutive years.

The phrase "year-on-year" is used as an adjective to describe a comparison between two consecutive years. It is often used in financial reports, statistics, and business analyses.

Examples:

  • The company's revenue increased by 10% year-on-year.
  • There was a year-on-year decrease in customer satisfaction levels.
  • It confirmed the definition of price stability that had been announced in October 1998 as a year-on-year increase of below 2 % in the HICP for the euro area.
  • 2) Calculated as the difference between the year-on-year inflation rate in two consecutive months.
  • Therefore, at the end of 2000, year-on-year growth rates of export and import volumes were above 10 %.
  • Inflation target: 2.5% ± 1 p.p. (year-on-year change in CPI) as from 2004.
  • In 2001, exports grew by 13.1% year-on-year, while imports increased by 11.7%.
  • Following several years of high GDP growth, the Slovak economy started to lose momentum in the fourth quarter of 2008 when GDP growth slowed down to 2,5 % year-on-year.
  • The year-on-year growth rates need to be interpreted with particular caution on this occasion.
  • With regard to price developments, consumer price inflation declined further in the course of 1998 to 1.6% year-on-year in December 1998, in particular reflecting declining energy prices.
  • In the fourth quarter of 2005, real GDP growth accelerated to a year-on-year rate of 8.7%, resulting in an average growth rate of 7.5% for 2005.
  • As usual, the two other main components of overall producer prices, capital goods and consumer goods prices, displayed much more stability in their year-on-year rates of growth.
  • The year-on-year rate of change of the HICP excluding energy and unprocessed food prices remained unchanged at 1.9%.
  • Assessed against the estimates of GDP for the first quarter of 2009, which reveal a contraction of 5,6 % year-on-year, this scenario appears to be based on markedly favourable growth assumptions.
  • In year-on-year terms, real GDP for the region as a whole contracted by 2.8% in the first quarter of 2009 and by 3.9% in the second (although in quarter-on-quarter terms, it expanded by 0.4% in the second quarter).
  • Projected growth for 2009 and also 2010 appears to be on the high side in view of the rapidly deteriorating international environment, the year-on-year GDP growth estimate of - 3,1 % for the first quarter of 2009 and continued low confidence indicators.
  • In January 2003, the year-on-year rates of change in the HICP and the HICP excluding unprocessed food and energy declined to 2.2% and 2.0% respectively, which is 0.1 and 0.2 percentage point lower than in December 2002.
  • This resulted in a sharp increase in the year-on-year unit labour cost - to 3.4% - in the second quarter of this year, after several years of more moderate increases in the order of 1-1 1/2%.
  • Year-on-year growth increased to 8.9% in May 2000, but then declined.
  • Year-on-year growth increased to 3.7% in the second quarter of 2000 and declined thereafter to 3.0% in the last quarter.
  • Price and cost projections Year-on-year HICP inflation increased further in the first half of 2008, reaching 4.0% in July 2008.
  • My own recollection is that in 1998 the Governing Council announced that its monetary policy strategy was going to be based on a quantitative definition of price stability, defined as a year-on-year increase in the HICP of below 2%.

Alternatives:

  • year-over-year
  • from one year to the next
  • compared to the previous year
  • on an annual basis
  • over the course of a year

year on year

This phrase is correct and commonly used in English to indicate a comparison over a period of one year.

The phrase "year on year" is used as an adverbial phrase to indicate a comparison over a period of one year. It is often used in discussions about trends, changes, and growth.

Examples:

  • The company's profits have been increasing year on year.
  • Inflation has been rising year on year.
  • We must have mechanisms in place to stop this recurring year on year.
  • The official figures in a united Europe are dramatic - a vast area of forest reduced to ash year on year without rehabilitation or reafforestation, despite categorical EU rules on the subject.
  • In June, pork prices rose 57% year on year, contributing nearly two percentage points to the overall inflation rate.
  • The cost of this programme year on year is probably considerably less than is lost to the Community by fraud and incompetence.
  • It could be argued that file discounts granted to customers are very stable year on year and might be more easily observable.
  • If the establishment plan is not increased year on year according to the forecasts of needs, the share of posts for nationals of new Member States' would obviously have to be decreased accordingly with consequent implications for overall performance of the Commission.
  • These had been increasing year on year, as payments to the tax authorities had not matched annual liabilities.
  • Nonetheless, we have seen a net improvement year on year under the strategy on employment.
  • So many have joined up that people are already referring to the 'Erasmus generation', and numbers continue to grow year on year.
  • Germany, it is true, had stated that, at the time of the transfer, HLB was an economically sound company whose value as a going concern had increased year on year.
  • Agenda setting, defining political priorities year on year, is not just the job of the Council and the Commission, it is also the job of the European Parliament.
  • Energy systems of the world becoming progressively - year on year, decade on decade, century on century - becoming less carbon intense.
  • They cannot argue at home that they want to bring change to politics - to clean up and reform politics - and yet, year on year, vote to accept these substandard accounts.
  • I think it illustrates a general trend towards a consistent approach, building ambitious policy reform for Europe year on year, an approach better suited to the kind of consensus policy agenda we have today.
  • In the global approach, the net results for each year, cumulated year on year, are discounted by applying the reference rate for France on 1 January of each year [60].
  • We need to legitimize this so we can get away with it year on year." (Laughter)
  • Mr President, Madam Commissioner, ladies and gentlemen, the quality of European research is improving year on year, it is becoming more cohesive and a distinctive European identity is being forged, which is the sum and product of the activities carried out in each country.
  • Does it make sense to try to deepen the European project and at the same time to reduce the relative value of the European Union budget year on year?
  • And we had a lot of fun, and in 2004, I said to the guys, "That was so much fun. We need to legitimize this so we can get away with it year on year."
  • Under Article 8 of Royal Decree 1432/2002, the average tariff could not increase by more than 1,40 % (year on year), whereas individual tariffs could increase only by a percentage equivalent to the increase in the average tariff:

Alternatives:

  • annually
  • each year
  • every year
  • over the course of a year
  • on an annual basis

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