this has led to vs which has led to

Both "this has led to" and "which has led to" are correct, but they are used in different contexts. "This has led to" is used when referring to a specific situation or event, while "which has led to" is used when introducing a clause that provides additional information or explanation.

Last updated: March 22, 2024 • 1952 views

This phrase is correct and commonly used in English.

"this has led to"

Use "this has led to" when you want to indicate the direct consequence of a specific situation or event.

Examples:

The heavy rainfall this week has led to flooding in several areas.
The economic downturn this year has led to job losses.
This has led to a significant increase in demand for our products.

Show examples from the web [+]

However, employment markets in the European Union adapted progressively and this has led to a considerable improvement in profitability.
The Common Agricultural Policy has failed the sheep and goat sectors and this has led to a substantial fall in production.
This has led to further non-partisan investigations and indictments of high-level corruption.
Therev has been no hunting on this island since 1993 and this has led to a tremendous increase in both the variety of species and the numbers of individuals within the various species.
This has led to an incoherent and in some cases market-distorting patchwork of support mechanisms.
This has led to a more homogenous approach in operational work and procedures.
This has led to a reduction or elimination of dumping.
In Britain this has led to unbearable strains on infrastructure, public and social services and housing.
All this has led to a social explosion...
Nobody can or will deny that this has led to major side effects.
The applicant alleges that this has led to a reduction or elimination of dumping.
According to the relevant Eurostat data, this has led to a moderate increase in imports of Chinese FeMo.
And so this has led to a shallow path in politics, but also in a whole range of human endeavors.
Owing to unreasonably intensive and illegal fishing, fisheries stocks in Greece and other Mediterranean countries have fallen significantly: this has led to an environmental imbalance in the marine ecosystem.
However, this has led to laxer attitudes to prevention and a reduction in the number of specialists.
Owing to the success of sport there is a preoccupation with spectacular shows on a grand scale, and this has led to corruption.
Employers want to save on social insurance costs and gain greater flexibility, but this has led to a situation where we have to vote under pressure from this antisocial behaviour.
In poor working or operating conditions, this has led to or contributed to fatal accidents in several Member States.
In certain countries, this has led to a clawing-back of individual freedoms and the right of association.
It also "reiterates its satisfaction at the fact that this has led to a clarification of responsibilities at European and national level".

Alternatives:

as a result of this
due to this
resulting in this
causing this
which resulted in this

This phrase is correct and commonly used in English.

"which has led to"

Use "which has led to" when introducing a clause that provides additional information or explanation about a situation or event.

Examples:

The heavy rainfall this week, which has led to flooding in several areas, has caused significant damage.
The economic downturn this year, which has led to job losses, has impacted many families.
The new regulations, which has led to increased compliance requirements, have affected businesses.

Show examples from the web [+]

The European Union is being confronted with an unprecedented economic crisis, which has led to a recession in most of the Member States.
That fight has now been won, and I am deeply grateful for her commitment, which has led to this remarkable achievement.
The Council is aware of the limited reception capacity for illegal immigrants and asylum-seekers in Malta, which has led to overcrowding.
The progress made demonstrates commitment from the Member States and the Commission, which has led to a sustainable momentum in the i2010 strategy framework.
Thirdly, we have taken an initiative which has led to negotiations between the social partners at European level on the whole question of flexibility and security of employment.
Instead, there has been a different division, which has led to a directive which, in my view, is only a first step.
Thus the situation regarding this declaration is anything but clear, which has led to distrust between industrialised and developing countries.
The current situation derives from Directive 79/409/EEC, which has led to a disproportionate growth in the cormorant population.
The Kaminoans feel a virus corrupted the clone's inhibitor chip, which has led to this behavior.
This proposal was rejected by the Council of the European Union, which has led to the current impasse.
Let me express my appreciation of the personal commitment of Chancellor Angela Merkel and Prime Minister José Sócrates which has led to this result.
Children are exposed to lead dust when ore is processed, which has led to the contamination of water and food.
Air transport has undergone rapid development over the past 40 years, which has led to a 40%-plus fall in emissions and noise.
You have pushed on with your obsession with climate change, which has led to massive costs and no material benefits whatsoever.
Directive 1999/44/EC enabled Member States to adopt or maintain in force measures offering consumers greater protection, which has led to divergent national legislation.
Despite moderate weather conditions in summer, some of the vessels used by the criminal networks are unseaworthy, which has led to severe humanitarian tragedies.
In some cases production of «bio-fuels» has been encouraged, which has led to further distortions in energy and food prices.
The UK's legitimate fight against terrorism has generated a system of laws and practices, including internment, control orders and deportation proceedings, which has led to gross violations of human rights.
Accordingly, it is proposed to eliminate the concept of partial referrals, which has led to harmful fragmentation of some merger cases.
Sadly, airlines at present do not strictly enforce cabin baggage regulations, which has led to passengers bringing more and more bags into airline cabins.

Alternatives:

resulting in which
causing which
leading to which
that has led to
bringing about which

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this has led to vs which has led to

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