that includes vs which includes

Both phrases are correct, but they are used in different contexts. 'That includes' is used in restrictive clauses, where the information is essential to the meaning of the sentence. 'Which includes' is used in non-restrictive clauses, where the information is additional and can be omitted without changing the meaning.

Explained by Michele A.
Editor at TextRanch

Last updated: July 29, 2024

that includes

This phrase is correct and commonly used in English, especially in restrictive clauses.

Use 'that includes' in restrictive clauses to provide essential information that cannot be omitted without changing the meaning of the sentence.

Examples:

I bought a new car that includes a GPS system.
She prepared a delicious meal that includes a variety of spices.
He mentioned a few key points that includes the budget details.
The package that includes the extra accessories is on sale.
We need to find a solution that includes everyone's input.

Alternatives:

which includes
comprising
consisting of
containing
incorporating

which includes

This phrase is correct and commonly used in English, especially in non-restrictive clauses.

Use 'which includes' in non-restrictive clauses to provide additional information that can be omitted without changing the meaning of the sentence.

Examples:

The new software, which includes many features, will be released next month.
Our team, which includes experts from various fields, is working on the project.
The report, which includes detailed analysis, will be presented tomorrow.
The package, which includes a free gift, arrived today.
The company, which includes subsidiaries in different countries, is expanding globally.

Alternatives:

that includes
comprising
consisting of
containing
incorporating

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that includes vs which includes

that includes

which includes

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