sham-operated vs sham operated

Both "sham-operated" and "sham operated" are correct, but they are used in different contexts. "Sham-operated" is typically used as a compound adjective to describe a surgical procedure where no actual operation is performed, while "sham operated" can be used when referring to the group of animals or subjects that underwent the sham procedure.

Last updated: March 25, 2024 • 1194 views

sham-operated

This is a correct compound adjective commonly used in medical and scientific contexts.

Use "sham-operated" when describing a surgical procedure where no actual operation is performed, often in medical or scientific contexts.

Examples:

The sham-operated group showed similar results to the control group.
The study included a sham-operated control to account for any potential biases.

Alternatives:

placebo-operated
dummy-operated
control-operated
simulated-operated
pretend-operated

sham operated

This is correct when referring to the group of animals or subjects that underwent the sham procedure.

Use "sham operated" when referring to the group of animals or subjects that underwent the sham procedure, rather than describing the procedure itself.

Examples:

The sham operated mice did not show any significant differences compared to the control group.
The study compared the outcomes of the sham operated group with the untreated group.

Show examples from the web [+]

1) monthly intravitreal injections of Lucentis 0.3 mg and sham PDT; 2) monthly intravitreal injections of Lucentis 0.5 mg and sham PDT; or 3) sham intravitreal injections and active verteporfin PDT.
So, our sham marriage is a sham?
We are the ones who should be embarrassed for coming here and for taking part in this sham. Sham?
It's a travesty of a mockery of a sham of a mockery of two mockeries of a sham.
My colleagues are holding a sham debate, a totally sham debate.
We recall the sham elections in the three Baltic countries in 1940, when for instance, like Mr Putin's congratulatory call to Mr Yanukovich even before the announcement of preliminary results, Latvia's sham election results were accidentally published the day before they took place.
Sham and a dozen others moving into striking position.
Your honor, this case is a sham.
I think we're sham shopping.
My mum's in a sham relationship.
This is not a sham, Your Honor.
Unlike you two, my marriage is a sham of deception and deceit.
Last night was a complete sham.
This sham... is the work of drunken artists.
Look, there's the float commemorating sham marriages.
It's a sham election, Emily.
I mean, my whole life is a sham.
And this sham wedding isn't happening, either.
Which makes it the perfect gift for a sham marriage.
True love destroys the whole foundation of a sham wedding.

Alternatives:

placebo operated
dummy operated
control operated
simulated operated
pretend operated

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