Phase shifts vs optical path difference

Some examples from the web:

• Also suppose there are 256 possible phase shifts.
• During analogue filtering of signals with different frequency contents, phase shifts can occur.
• Contrasting methods visualize phase shifts that are otherwise invisible to the human eye and thus enable observation of unstained living samples.
• Filter phase shifts and time delays for anti-aliasing filtering
• As in the example for frequency modulation, the more possible phase shifts, the more bits a single shift in phase can represent.
• Phase shifts are especially significant when measured variables are multiplied together to form new variables, because while amplitudes multiply, phase shifts and associated time delays add.
• Phase shifts and time delays are reduced by increasing fo.
• None have any glitches in the impedance curves suggesting sudden unexpected phase shifts (other than the expected one on the fs) caused by resonance.
• Point four - they have inherent phase shifts, which in audio is a fault.
• Whenever equations describing the pre-sampling filters are known, it is practical to remove their phase shifts and time delays by simple algorithms performed in the frequency domain.
• The crossover is a gentle, 6 dB/oct. network, with small phase shifts and nasties.
• Lastly, tone controls, no matter how you make them, are in fact filters, and as any filter, they will by default introduce phase shifts, which we definitely don't want, no matter what.

Some examples from the web:

• An interference fringe is a place of points of equal intensity, and this depends only on the difference in optical path between the beams that interfere.
• Fizeau fringes, since the difference in optical path depends only on the thickness crossed, are places of points of equal thickness and are called equal thickness fringes.
• Transfer the contents of the flasks into spectrophotometer cells with optical paths of 1 cm.
• In principle monoculars are field glasses with only one optical path.
• Glass cells with optical paths of 1 cm.
• Where a = f/2 Recalling the definition of q as the phase difference between rays coming from the slit borders, and of the difference in the optical path between these rays a sin q we obtain the relation:
• The light source must be protected against sooting by means that do not influence the optical path length beyond the manufacturers specifications.
• Delivers collimated illumination in the same optical path as camera
• The four intermediate prisms, as shown in Figure 2 and 3, allow the proximal binoculars to view the two optical paths passing through the common objective.
• They are backlighted by means of leds and, in some cases, light pipes based on studies on optical paths, with day lighting effect.
• The microscope knows the appropriate reflector required for dark field contrast and inserts it into the optical path.
• effective optical path length, as submitted by instrument manufacturer, m
• The optical path length shall be submitted by the instrument manufacturer taking into account any measures against sooting (e.g. purge air).
• If the optical path length is not available, it shall be determined in accordance with ISO IDS 11614, section 11.6.5.
• For the correct determination of the optical path length, a minimum exhaust gas velocity of 20 m/s is required.
• The path difference δ is calculated as in the following Figures, based on the situations encountered.
• The coverglass is an important component of the optical path and should therefore meet the same standards of optical quality as the objective.
• The idea of using the large sized prisms of a dismantled set of binoculars in order to contain the variations of the optical path solved every problem.
• Simply swing the LeicaRUV800 into the optical path and adjust the focus lever(s) for sharp, high quality, wide angle views of the retina.
• In fact, the common objective allows the two optical paths to converge exactly on the sample.