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"orthogonal to" vs "orthogonal with"

Both 'orthogonal to' and 'orthogonal with' are correct, but they are used in slightly different contexts. 'Orthogonal to' is more commonly used when describing the relationship between two things that are perpendicular or independent of each other. 'Orthogonal with' can be used when discussing the relationship between two things that are related but distinct.

Last Updated: March 29, 2024

orthogonal to

This phrase is correct and commonly used in English.

This phrase is used to describe the relationship between two things that are perpendicular or independent of each other.

Examples:

  • The two vectors are orthogonal to each other.
  • Her opinion is orthogonal to mine.

Alternatives:

  • perpendicular to
  • independent of
  • unrelated to
  • at right angles to
  • mutually exclusive with

orthogonal with

This phrase is correct but less commonly used than 'orthogonal to'. It can be used when discussing the relationship between two things that are related but distinct.

This phrase can be used to describe the relationship between two things that are related but distinct.

Examples:

  • His ideas are orthogonal with the current trends.
  • The new policy is orthogonal with our values.

Alternatives:

  • related but distinct from
  • tangential to
  • adjacent to
  • connected but separate from
  • independent yet connected to

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