internal and external R&D has a positive effect on business performance vs internal and external R&D have a positive effect on business performance

Both phrases are correct, but they differ in subject-verb agreement. The first phrase uses 'has' to agree with the singular subject 'internal and external R&D,' while the second phrase uses 'have' to agree with the plural subject. The choice between 'has' and 'have' depends on whether you consider the combined 'internal and external R&D' as a singular entity or as separate entities.

Last updated: March 31, 2024

internal and external R&D has a positive effect on business performance

This phrase is correct when considering 'internal and external R&D' as a singular entity.

Use 'has' when treating 'internal and external R&D' as a singular concept affecting business performance.

Alternatives:

Internal and external R&D has a positive impact on business performance.

internal and external R&D have a positive effect on business performance

This phrase is correct when considering 'internal and external R&D' as separate entities.

Use 'have' when treating 'internal and external R&D' as distinct components contributing to business performance.

Alternatives:

Internal and external R&D have a positive impact on business performance.

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internal and external R&D has a positive effect on business performance vs internal and external R&D have a positive effect on business performance