he has borrowed a book already vs he had borrowed a book already

Both phrases are correct, but they are used in different contexts. 'He has borrowed a book already' is used in the present perfect tense to indicate an action that happened at an unspecified time before now. 'He had borrowed a book already' is used in the past perfect tense to indicate an action that was completed before a certain point in the past.

Last updated: March 26, 2024

he has borrowed a book already

This phrase is correct and commonly used in English in the present perfect tense.

This phrase is used in the present perfect tense to indicate an action that happened at an unspecified time before now. It implies that the borrowing of the book occurred recently.

Examples:

He has borrowed a book already, so he doesn't need to get another one.
I can't lend you that book; he has borrowed it already.

Alternatives:

He borrowed a book already.
He has already borrowed a book.
He has borrowed that book before.
He has already borrowed a book from the library.
He has borrowed books before.

he had borrowed a book already

This phrase is correct and commonly used in English in the past perfect tense.

This phrase is used in the past perfect tense to indicate an action that was completed before a certain point in the past. It implies that the borrowing of the book occurred before another past event.

Examples:

He had borrowed a book already when I asked him for it.
By the time I got to the library, he had borrowed the book already.

Alternatives:

He had already borrowed a book.
He had borrowed that book before.
He had already borrowed a book from the library.
He had borrowed books before.
He had borrowed a book previously.

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he has borrowed a book already vs he had borrowed a book already