had responded vs has responded

Both "had responded" and "has responded" are correct, but they are used in different contexts. "Had responded" is the past perfect tense, which indicates an action that occurred before another action in the past. "Has responded" is the present perfect tense, which indicates that an action was completed recently or has relevance to the present.

Explained by Vince
Editor at TextRanch

Last updated: August 12, 2024

had responded

This phrase is correct and commonly used in English in the past perfect tense.

Use "had responded" in the past perfect tense to indicate an action that occurred before another action in the past.

Examples:

She had responded to the email before the meeting started.
By the time I arrived, he had responded to my message.
I wish I had responded to her invitation earlier.

Alternatives:

had replied
had answered
had reacted
had acknowledged
had retorted

has responded

This phrase is correct and commonly used in English in the present perfect tense.

Use "has responded" in the present perfect tense to indicate an action that was completed recently or has relevance to the present.

Examples:

He has responded to the email just now.
She has responded to the request promptly.
The company has responded to the customer's complaint.

Alternatives:

has replied
has answered
has reacted
has acknowledged
has retorted

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had responded vs has responded

had responded

has responded

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