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circumstances in which vs circumstances under which

Both "circumstances in which" and "circumstances under which" are correct, commonly used phrases in English. The choice between the two depends on the context and the writer's personal preference.
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Explained by Jennifer
Editor at TextRanch

Last updated: January 18, 2025 • 7585 views

This phrase is correct and commonly used in English.

"circumstances in which"

This phrase is used to introduce a situation or condition. It is often followed by a description of the circumstances.

Examples:

  • I can't think of any circumstances in which that would be acceptable.
  • There are certain circumstances in which we have to act quickly.
  • Sep 5, 2017 ... 15: There are circumstances in which it is not immoral to ... I am truly at a loss for how to go about this. I can see that it requires a high ...
  • Jun 3, 2024 ... circumstances in which scene changes are lost? Help. [System Agnostic]. I noticed something odd with Foundry today. I had decided to change ...
  • Apr 25, 2024 ... 15 likes, 0 comments - jonathan_biss_official on April 25, 2024: "The gulf between the pitiful circumstances in which Beethoven found ...
  • Sep 16, 2022 ... What are circumstances in which two people converse, each speaking a different language? My first language is Hebrew, but my family moved to ...
  • Circumstances in Which Parsimony but not Compatibility will be Provably Misleading. Robert W. Scotland ,. Robert W. Scotland. 1Department of Plant Sciences ...
  • 3-10-231. Circumstances in which acting justice called in -- by whom. (1) Whenever a justice of the peace is disqualified from acting in any action because ...
  • Aug 27, 2019 ... The writers Lucy Huber and Lillian Stone provide a humorous list of circumstances in which they would not pet a dog, with illustrations by ...
  • The Circumstances in Which Torture Is Morally Justifiable," University of San Francisco Law Review: Vol. 39: Iss. 3, Article 3. Available at: https ...
  • In this paper, we try to delineate the circumstances in which cooperation can emerge in multi-person social dilemma situations. We extend the VCM game (also ...
  • § 803.22 What are the circumstances in which I am not required to file a report? (a) If you become aware of information from multiple sources regarding the ...

Alternatives:

  • situations in which
  • conditions in which
  • instances in which
  • cases in which
  • scenarios in which

This phrase is correct and commonly used in English.

"circumstances under which"

This phrase is also used to introduce a situation or condition. It is often followed by a description of the circumstances, emphasizing the relationship or control.

Examples:

  • There are certain circumstances under which we can offer a refund.
  • I need to know the circumstances under which the decision was made.
  • Dec 16, 2023 ... Explain any five circumstances under which contracts need not be performed with the consent of both the parties ? Practical Doubt/Question.
  • Circumstances Under Which Practice Does Not Make Perfect: A Review of the Practice Effect Literature in Schizophrenia and Its Relevance to Clinical Treatment ...
  • Aug 29, 1990 ... ... circumstances under which prejudgment interest and liquidated damages may be awarded concurrently. 3. EFFECTIVE DATE: Upon Receipt.
  • Effective 3/14/2024. 76-7-302 Circumstances under which abortion authorized. (1) An abortion may be performed in this state only by a physician.
  • § 109.36 Are there circumstances under which a political party committee is prohibited from making independent expenditures? The national committee of a ...
  • 411.256 Circumstances under which construction professional is liable. In a claim to recover damages resulting from a construction defect, a construction.
  • § 1608.3 Circumstances under which voluntary affirmative action is appropriate. (a) Adverse effect. Title VII prohibits practices, procedures, or policies ...
  • 411.320 Circumstances under which defendant is liable. (1) In any product liability action, a manufacturer shall be liable only for the personal injury ...
  • Guidelines on the application of the circumstances under which a central counterparty is deemed to be failing or likely to fail.
  • Nov 1, 2023 ... Vedder Thinking | Articles NLRB's New Joint Employer Test Significantly Expands Circumstances Under Which Separate Entities Will Be Deemed Joint ...

Alternatives:

  • situations under which
  • conditions under which
  • instances under which
  • cases under which
  • scenarios under which

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